500+ Excel Functions (Explained with Examples)

Sumit Bansal
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Sumit Bansal is the founder of TrumpExcel.com and a 13-time Microsoft Excel MVP. He started this site in 2013 to share his passion for Excel through easy tutorials, tips, and training videos, helping you master Excel, boost productivity, and maybe even enjoy spreadsheets!

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Here, you’ll find every Excel function, grouped by the same categories Excel uses. Click a function name to open its full tutorial with examples.

Excel Functions – Date and Time

Excel FunctionDescription
Excel DATE Function

Excel DATE function can be used when you want to get the date value using the year, month, and day values as the input arguments. It returns a serial number that represents a specific date in Excel.

Excel DATEVALUE Function

Excel DATEVALUE function is best suited for situations when a date is stored as text. This function converts the date from text format to a serial number that Excel recognizes as a date.

Excel DAY Function

Excel DAY function can be used when you want to get the day value from a specified date. It returns a value between 1 and 31 depending on the date used as the input.

Excel HOUR Function

Excel HOUR function can be used when you want to get the HOUR integer value from a specified time value. It returns a value between 0 (12:00 A.M.) and 23 (11:00 P.M.) depending on the time value used as the input.

Excel MINUTE Function

Excel MINUTE function can be used when you want to get the MINUTE integer value from a specified time value. It returns a value between 0 and 59 depending on the time value used as the input.

Excel NETWORKDAYS FunctionExcel NETWORKDAYS function can be used when you want to get the number of working days between two given dates. It does not count the weekends between the specified dates (by default the weekend is Saturday and Sunday). It can also exclude any specified holidays.
Excel NETWORKDAYS.INTL Function

Excel NETWORKDAYS.INTL function can be used when you want to get the number of working days between two given dates. It does not count the weekends and holidays, both of which can be specified by the user. It also enables you to specify the weekend (for example, you can specify Friday and Saturday as the weekend, or only Sunday as the weekend).

Excel NOW FunctionExcel NOW function can be used to get the current date and time value.
Excel SECOND Function

Excel SECOND function can be used when you want to get the integer value of the seconds from a specified time value. It returns a value between 0 and 59 depending on the time value used as the input.

Excel TODAY FunctionExcel TODAY function can be used to get the current date. It returns a serial number that represents the current date.
Excel WEEKDAY Function

Excel WEEKDAY function can be used to get the day of the week as a number for the specified date. It returns a number between 1 and 7 that represents the corresponding day of the week.

Excel WORKDAY Function

Excel WORKDAY function can be used when you want to get the date after a given number of working days. By default, it takes Saturday and Sunday as the weekend.

Excel WORKDAY.INTL Function

Excel WORKDAY.INTL function can be used when you want to get the date after a given number of working days. In this function, you can specify the weekend to be days other than Saturday and Sunday.

Excel DATEDIF Function

Excel DATEDIF function can be used when you want to calculate the number of years, months, or days between the two specified dates. A good example would be calculating the age.

Excel DAYS FunctionExcel DAYS function returns the number of days between two dates.
Excel DAYS360 FunctionExcel DAYS360 function returns the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year (twelve 30-day months), which is used in some accounting calculations.
Excel EDATE FunctionExcel EDATE function returns the date that is a specified number of months before or after a given date.
Excel EOMONTH FunctionExcel EOMONTH function returns the last day of the month that is a specified number of months before or after a given date.
Excel ISOWEEKNUM FunctionExcel ISOWEEKNUM function returns the ISO week number of a date, where weeks start on Monday and week 1 contains the first Thursday of the year.
Excel MONTH FunctionExcel MONTH function returns the month number (1 to 12) from a date.
Excel TIME FunctionExcel TIME function returns a time value from the hour, minute, and second you give it.
Excel TIMEVALUE FunctionExcel TIMEVALUE function converts a time stored as text into a decimal number that Excel recognizes as a time.
Excel WEEKNUM FunctionExcel WEEKNUM function returns the week number of a date within the year.
Excel YEAR FunctionExcel YEAR function returns the year from a date as a four-digit number.
Excel YEARFRAC FunctionExcel YEARFRAC function returns the fraction of a year between two dates, which is useful for calculating age or tenure in years.

Excel Functions – Logical

Excel FunctionDescription
Excel AND Function

Excel AND function can be used when you want to check multiple conditions. It returns TRUE only when all the given conditions are true.

Excel FALSE Function

Excel FALSE function returns the logical value FALSE. It does not take any input arguments.

Excel IF Function

Excel IF Function is best suited for situations where you want to evaluate a condition, and then return a value if it is TRUE and another value if it is FALSE.

Excel IFS Function

Excel IFS Function is best suited for situations where you want to test multiple conditions at once and then return the result based on it. This is helpful as you don’t have to create long nested IF formulas that can get confusing.

Excel IFERROR FunctionExcel IFERROR function is best suited to handle formulas that evaluate to an error. You can specify a value to show if the formula returns an error.
Excel NOT Function

Excel NOT function can be used when you want to reverse the value of a logical argument (TRUE/FALSE).

Excel OR FunctionExcel OR function can be used when you want to check multiple conditions. It returns TRUE if any of the given conditions is true.
Excel TRUE Function

Excel TRUE function returns the logical value TRUE. It does not take any input arguments.

Excel LAMBDA FunctionExcel LAMBDA function allows you to create and use your own functions right within the worksheet.
Excel SWITCH FunctionExcel SWITCH function evaluates an expression (which returns a value) and matches this value with a list of values to return the corresponding result from the first matching value.
Excel LET FunctionExcel LET function allows you to simplify complex formulas by assigning ranges and calculations to variables.
Excel REDUCE FunctionReduce is a lambda helper function that applies a specified lambda to every cell in a range and gives the aggregated result.
Excel MAP FunctionMap is a lambda helper function that analyzes each cell in the range and applies a lambda function to it.
Excel BYCOL FunctionExcel BYCOL function applies a LAMBDA to each column of a range and returns one result per column.
Excel BYROW FunctionExcel BYROW function applies a LAMBDA to each row of a range and returns one result per row.
Excel IFNA FunctionExcel IFNA function returns a value you specify if a formula returns the #N/A error. Other errors are not handled.
Excel MAKEARRAY FunctionExcel MAKEARRAY function creates an array with the number of rows and columns you specify, and fills each cell using a LAMBDA.
Excel SCAN FunctionExcel SCAN function applies a LAMBDA to each value in an array and returns every intermediate result, which makes it useful for running totals.
Excel XOR FunctionExcel XOR function returns TRUE if an odd number of the given conditions are TRUE, and FALSE otherwise.

Excel Functions – Lookup & Reference

Excel FunctionDescription
Excel COLUMN Function

Excel COLUMN function can be used when you want to get the column number of a specified cell.

Excel COLUMNS Function

Excel COLUMNS function can be used when you want to get the number of columns in a specified range or array. It returns a number that represents the total number of columns in the specified range or array.

Excel HLOOKUP Function

Excel HLOOKUP function is best suited for situations when you are looking for a matching data point in a row, and when the matching data point is found, you go down that column and fetch a value from a cell which is a specified number of rows below the top row.

Excel INDEX Function

Excel INDEX function can be used when you have the position (row number and column number) of a value in a table, and you want to fetch that value. This is often used with the MATCH function and is a powerful alternative to the VLOOKUP function.

Excel INDIRECT Function

Excel INDIRECT function can be used when you have the references as text and you want to get the values from those references. It returns the reference specified by the text string.

Excel MATCH Function

Excel MATCH function can be used when you want to get the relative position of a lookup value in a list or an array. It returns a number that represents the position of the lookup value in the array.

Excel OFFSET Function

Excel OFFSET function can be used when you want to get a reference which offsets a specified number of rows and columns from the starting point. It returns the reference that OFFSET function points to.

Excel ROW Function

Excel ROW function can be used when you want to get the row number of a cell reference. For example, =ROW(B4) would return 4, as it is in the fourth row.

Excel ROWS Function

Excel ROWS Function can be used when you want to get the number of rows in a specified range or array. It returns a number that represents the total number of rows in the specified range or array.

Excel VLOOKUP Function

Excel VLOOKUP function is best suited for situations when you are looking for a matching data point in a column, and when the matching data point is found, you go to the right in that row and fetch a value from a cell which is a specified number of columns to the right.

Excel XLOOKUP Function

Excel XLOOKUP function is available in Excel 2021, Excel 2024, and Microsoft 365, and is an enhanced version of the VLOOKUP/HLOOKUP functions. It can be used to lookup and fetch the value in a dataset, and can replace most of what we do with older lookup formulas.

Excel FILTER Function

Excel FILTER function is available in Excel 2021, Excel 2024, and Microsoft 365, and allows you to quickly filter and extract data based on the given condition (or multiple conditions).

Excel TAKE Function

TAKE function is a new Excel function that allows you to extract the given number of contiguous rows or columns from a dataset. It’s often combined with other functions such as FILTER and SORT.

Excel DROP Function

DROP function allows you to extract the given number of contiguous rows or columns from a dataset after dropping the specified number of rows or columns (or both).

Excel EXPAND FunctionEXPAND function allows you to grow an array to a set number of rows or columns, filling the newly added cells with a value of your choice (or #N/A by default).
Excel ADDRESS FunctionExcel ADDRESS function returns a cell address as text, based on the row and column numbers you give it.
Excel AREAS FunctionExcel AREAS function returns the number of areas (ranges or single cells) in a reference.
Excel CHOOSE FunctionExcel CHOOSE function returns a value from a list of values based on the position number you give it.
Excel CHOOSECOLS FunctionExcel CHOOSECOLS function returns only the columns you specify from a range or array.
Excel CHOOSEROWS FunctionExcel CHOOSEROWS function returns only the rows you specify from a range or array.
Excel FORMULATEXT FunctionExcel FORMULATEXT function returns the formula in a cell as a text string.
Excel GETPIVOTDATA FunctionExcel GETPIVOTDATA function pulls a specific value out of a pivot table using field and item names instead of cell references.
Excel GROUPBY FunctionExcel GROUPBY function groups rows by the values in one or more fields and aggregates the data (like SUM or COUNT), much like a pivot table built with a formula.
Excel HSTACK FunctionExcel HSTACK function places multiple ranges or arrays side by side and returns a single combined array.
Excel HYPERLINK FunctionExcel HYPERLINK function creates a clickable link to a web page, a file, or a location in the same workbook.
Excel IMAGE FunctionExcel IMAGE function inserts a picture from a web address into a cell, so the image stays inside the cell and moves with it.
Excel LOOKUP FunctionExcel LOOKUP function looks for a value in one row or column and returns the matching value from the same position in another row or column.
Excel PIVOTBY FunctionExcel PIVOTBY function groups data by row and column fields and aggregates the values, which gives you a pivot table built with a formula.
Excel RTD FunctionExcel RTD function pulls real-time data from a program that supports COM automation, such as a stock trading platform.
Excel SORT FunctionExcel SORT function sorts the contents of a range or array and returns the sorted result as a dynamic array. You can sort by any column, in ascending or descending order.
Excel SORTBY FunctionExcel SORTBY function sorts a range based on the values in another range or array, and can sort by multiple columns at once.
Excel TOCOL FunctionExcel TOCOL function turns a range or array into a single column, with an option to skip blanks and errors.
Excel TOROW FunctionExcel TOROW function turns a range or array into a single row, with an option to skip blanks and errors.
Excel TRANSPOSE FunctionExcel TRANSPOSE function flips the orientation of a range, so rows become columns and columns become rows.
Excel TRIMRANGE FunctionExcel TRIMRANGE function removes the empty rows and columns from the edges of a range, so formulas only work with the part that has data.
Excel UNIQUE FunctionExcel UNIQUE function returns a list of unique values from a range. It can also return the values that appear only once.
Excel VSTACK FunctionExcel VSTACK function stacks multiple ranges or arrays on top of each other and returns a single combined array.
Excel WRAPCOLS FunctionExcel WRAPCOLS function wraps a single row or column of values into multiple columns, with the number of values per column that you specify.
Excel WRAPROWS FunctionExcel WRAPROWS function wraps a single row or column of values into multiple rows, with the number of values per row that you specify.
Excel XMATCH FunctionExcel XMATCH function returns the position of an item in a range or array. It’s the more flexible version of MATCH and can search from the last item to the first.

Excel Functions – Math & Trigonometry

Excel FunctionDescription
Excel INT Function

Excel INT Function can be used when you want to get the integer portion of a number.

Excel MOD Function

Excel MOD function can be used when you want to get the remainder when one number is divided by another. It returns a numerical value that represents the remainder when one number is divided by another.

Excel RAND Function

Excel RAND function can be used when you want to generate evenly distributed random numbers between 0 and 1. It returns a number between 0 and 1.

Excel RANDBETWEEN Function

Excel RANDBETWEEN function can be used when you want to generate evenly distributed random numbers between a top and bottom range specified by the user. It returns a number between the top and bottom range specified by the user.

Excel ROUND Function

Excel ROUND function can be used when you want to return a number rounded to a specified number of digits.

Excel SUM FunctionExcel SUM function can be used to add all numbers in a range of cells.
Excel SUMIF Function

Excel SUMIF function can be used when you want to add the values in a range if the specified condition is met.

Excel SUMIFS Function

Excel SUMIFS function can be used when you want to add the values in a range if multiple specified criteria are met.

Excel SUMPRODUCT Function

Excel SUMPRODUCT function can be used when you want to first multiply two or more sets of arrays and then get their sum.

Excel LN FunctionLN Function in Excel is used to calculate the natural log of a number
Excel SEQUENCE FunctionExcel SEQUENCE function gives you a sequence of numbers (in rows, columns, or both) based on the start value and step value.
Excel COS FunctionUse this function to get the cosine value from angle value in radians.
Excel SUBTOTAL FunctionExcel SUBTOTAL function can be used to apply a function (such as SUM, COUNT, or AVERAGE) to a range while excluding filtered-out rows.
Excel ABS FunctionExcel ABS function returns the absolute value of a number, which is the number without its sign.
Excel ACOS FunctionExcel ACOS function returns the arccosine (inverse cosine) of a number, in radians.
Excel ACOSH FunctionExcel ACOSH function returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number.
Excel ACOT FunctionExcel ACOT function returns the arccotangent of a number, in radians.
Excel ACOTH FunctionExcel ACOTH function returns the inverse hyperbolic cotangent of a number.
Excel AGGREGATE FunctionExcel AGGREGATE function applies a calculation (like SUM, AVERAGE, or LARGE) to a range with the option to ignore errors, hidden rows, and nested subtotals.
Excel ARABIC FunctionExcel ARABIC function converts a Roman numeral (as text) into a number.
Excel ASIN FunctionExcel ASIN function returns the arcsine (inverse sine) of a number, in radians.
Excel ASINH FunctionExcel ASINH function returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number.
Excel ATAN FunctionExcel ATAN function returns the arctangent (inverse tangent) of a number, in radians.
Excel ATAN2 FunctionExcel ATAN2 function returns the arctangent of the given x and y coordinates, in radians.
Excel ATANH FunctionExcel ATANH function returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number.
Excel BASE FunctionExcel BASE function converts a number into a text representation in the base you specify, such as binary (base 2) or hexadecimal (base 16).
Excel CEILING.MATH FunctionExcel CEILING.MATH function rounds a number up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple you specify, with control over how negative numbers are rounded.
Excel CEILING.PRECISE FunctionExcel CEILING.PRECISE function rounds a number up to the nearest integer or multiple you specify, regardless of whether the number is positive or negative.
Excel COMBIN FunctionExcel COMBIN function returns the number of combinations for a given number of items, where the order doesn’t matter.
Excel COMBINA FunctionExcel COMBINA function returns the number of combinations for a given number of items, with repetitions allowed.
Excel COSH FunctionExcel COSH function returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number.
Excel COT FunctionExcel COT function returns the cotangent of an angle given in radians.
Excel COTH FunctionExcel COTH function returns the hyperbolic cotangent of a number.
Excel CSC FunctionExcel CSC function returns the cosecant of an angle given in radians.
Excel CSCH FunctionExcel CSCH function returns the hyperbolic cosecant of a number.
Excel DECIMAL FunctionExcel DECIMAL function converts a text representation of a number in any base (such as binary or hexadecimal) into a decimal number.
Excel DEGREES FunctionExcel DEGREES function converts an angle from radians to degrees.
Excel EVEN FunctionExcel EVEN function rounds a number up (away from zero) to the nearest even integer.
Excel EXP FunctionExcel EXP function returns e (about 2.71828) raised to the power of a given number.
Excel FACT FunctionExcel FACT function returns the factorial of a number, such as 5! = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120.
Excel FACTDOUBLE FunctionExcel FACTDOUBLE function returns the double factorial of a number, such as 7!! = 7 x 5 x 3 x 1.
Excel FLOOR.MATH FunctionExcel FLOOR.MATH function rounds a number down to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple you specify, with control over how negative numbers are rounded.
Excel FLOOR.PRECISE FunctionExcel FLOOR.PRECISE function rounds a number down to the nearest integer or multiple you specify, regardless of whether the number is positive or negative.
Excel GCD FunctionExcel GCD function returns the greatest common divisor of two or more integers.
Excel ISO.CEILING FunctionExcel ISO.CEILING function rounds a number up to the nearest integer or multiple you specify, regardless of the sign. It gives the same result as CEILING.PRECISE.
Excel LCM FunctionExcel LCM function returns the least common multiple of two or more integers.
Excel LOG FunctionExcel LOG function returns the logarithm of a number to the base you specify (base 10 by default).
Excel LOG10 FunctionExcel LOG10 function returns the base-10 logarithm of a number.
Excel MDETERM FunctionExcel MDETERM function returns the matrix determinant of a square array.
Excel MINVERSE FunctionExcel MINVERSE function returns the inverse matrix of a square array.
Excel MMULT FunctionExcel MMULT function returns the matrix product of two arrays.
Excel MROUND FunctionExcel MROUND function rounds a number to the nearest multiple you specify, such as the nearest 5 or the nearest 0.25.
Excel MULTINOMIAL FunctionExcel MULTINOMIAL function returns the ratio of the factorial of a sum of values to the product of their factorials.
Excel MUNIT FunctionExcel MUNIT function returns an identity matrix of the size you specify.
Excel ODD FunctionExcel ODD function rounds a number up (away from zero) to the nearest odd integer.
Excel PERCENTOF FunctionExcel PERCENTOF function returns the percentage that a subset of values makes up of the total, such as one region’s share of total sales.
Excel PI FunctionExcel PI function returns the value of pi (3.14159265358979), accurate to 15 digits. It takes no arguments.
Excel POWER FunctionExcel POWER function returns the result of a number raised to a power. It does the same thing as the ^ operator.
Excel PRODUCT FunctionExcel PRODUCT function multiplies all the numbers you give it and returns the result.
Excel QUOTIENT FunctionExcel QUOTIENT function returns the integer part of a division and drops the remainder.
Excel RADIANS FunctionExcel RADIANS function converts an angle from degrees to radians.
Excel RANDARRAY FunctionExcel RANDARRAY function returns an array of random numbers. You can set the number of rows and columns, the minimum and maximum values, and whether to return whole numbers.
Excel ROMAN FunctionExcel ROMAN function converts a number into Roman numerals, as text.
Excel ROUNDDOWN FunctionExcel ROUNDDOWN function rounds a number down, toward zero, to the number of digits you specify.
Excel ROUNDUP FunctionExcel ROUNDUP function rounds a number up, away from zero, to the number of digits you specify.
Excel SEC FunctionExcel SEC function returns the secant of an angle given in radians.
Excel SECH FunctionExcel SECH function returns the hyperbolic secant of a number.
Excel SERIESSUM FunctionExcel SERIESSUM function returns the sum of a power series.
Excel SIGN FunctionExcel SIGN function returns 1 if a number is positive, -1 if it’s negative, and 0 if it’s zero.
Excel SIN FunctionExcel SIN function returns the sine of an angle given in radians.
Excel SINH FunctionExcel SINH function returns the hyperbolic sine of a number.
Excel SQRT FunctionExcel SQRT function returns the positive square root of a number.
Excel SQRTPI FunctionExcel SQRTPI function returns the square root of a number multiplied by pi.
Excel SUMSQ FunctionExcel SUMSQ function returns the sum of the squares of the numbers you give it.
Excel SUMX2MY2 FunctionExcel SUMX2MY2 function returns the sum of the differences of squares of matching values in two arrays.
Excel SUMX2PY2 FunctionExcel SUMX2PY2 function returns the sum of the sums of squares of matching values in two arrays.
Excel SUMXMY2 FunctionExcel SUMXMY2 function returns the sum of the squares of the differences between matching values in two arrays.
Excel TAN FunctionExcel TAN function returns the tangent of an angle given in radians.
Excel TANH FunctionExcel TANH function returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number.
Excel TRUNC FunctionExcel TRUNC function removes the decimal part of a number (or cuts it to a set number of digits) without rounding.

Also read: VLOOKUP vs XLOOKUP Function – What’s the Difference?

Excel Functions – Statistics

Excel FunctionDescription
Excel RANK Function

Excel RANK function can be used when you want to rank a number against a list of numbers. It returns a number that represents the relative rank of the number against the list of numbers.

Excel AVERAGE Function

Excel AVERAGE function can be used when you want to get the average (arithmetic mean) of the specified arguments.

Excel AVERAGEIF Function

Excel AVERAGEIF function can be used when you want to get the average (arithmetic mean) of all the values in a range of cells that meet a given condition.

Excel AVERAGEIFS Function

Excel AVERAGEIFS function can be used when you want to get the average (arithmetic mean) of all the cells in a range that meet multiple criteria.

Excel COUNT FunctionExcel COUNT function can be used to count the number of cells that contain numbers.
Excel COUNTA Function

Excel COUNTA function can be used when you want to count all the cells in a range that are not empty.

Excel COUNTBLANK Function

Excel COUNTBLANK function can be used when you have to count all the empty cells in a range.

Excel COUNTIF Function

Excel COUNTIF function can be used when you want to count the number of cells that meet a specified criterion.

Excel COUNTIFS Function

Excel COUNTIFS function can be used when you want to count the number of cells that meet a single or multiple criteria.

Excel LARGE Function

Excel LARGE function can be used to get the Kth largest value from a range of cells or array. For example, you can get the third largest value from a range of cells.

Excel MAX Function

Excel MAX function can be used when you want to get the largest value from a set of values.

Excel MIN Function

Excel MIN function can be used when you want to get the smallest value from a set of values.

Excel SMALL Function

Excel SMALL function can be used to get the Kth smallest value from a range of cells or arrays. For example, you can get the third smallest value from a range of cells.

Excel AVEDEV FunctionExcel AVEDEV function returns the average of the absolute deviations of values from their mean.
Excel AVERAGEA FunctionExcel AVERAGEA function returns the average of its arguments, and counts text as 0 and TRUE as 1 instead of ignoring them.
Excel BETA.DIST FunctionExcel BETA.DIST function returns the beta distribution.
Excel BETA.INV FunctionExcel BETA.INV function returns the inverse of the beta cumulative distribution.
Excel BINOM.DIST FunctionExcel BINOM.DIST function returns the binomial distribution probability, such as the chance of getting exactly 3 heads in 10 coin tosses.
Excel BINOM.DIST.RANGE FunctionExcel BINOM.DIST.RANGE function returns the probability of a trial result, or a range of results, using a binomial distribution.
Excel BINOM.INV FunctionExcel BINOM.INV function returns the smallest number of successes for which the cumulative binomial distribution is greater than or equal to a criterion value.
Excel CHISQ.DIST FunctionExcel CHISQ.DIST function returns the left-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.
Excel CHISQ.DIST.RT FunctionExcel CHISQ.DIST.RT function returns the right-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.
Excel CHISQ.INV FunctionExcel CHISQ.INV function returns the inverse of the left-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.
Excel CHISQ.INV.RT FunctionExcel CHISQ.INV.RT function returns the inverse of the right-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.
Excel CHISQ.TEST FunctionExcel CHISQ.TEST function returns the result of a chi-squared test for independence, comparing observed values with expected values.
Excel CONFIDENCE.NORM FunctionExcel CONFIDENCE.NORM function returns the confidence interval for a population mean, using a normal distribution.
Excel CONFIDENCE.T FunctionExcel CONFIDENCE.T function returns the confidence interval for a population mean, using a Student’s t-distribution.
Excel CORREL FunctionExcel CORREL function returns the correlation coefficient between two sets of values, which shows how strongly they move together.
Excel COVARIANCE.P FunctionExcel COVARIANCE.P function returns the population covariance of two data sets.
Excel COVARIANCE.S FunctionExcel COVARIANCE.S function returns the sample covariance of two data sets.
Excel DEVSQ FunctionExcel DEVSQ function returns the sum of the squared deviations of values from their mean.
Excel EXPON.DIST FunctionExcel EXPON.DIST function returns the exponential distribution, which is often used to model the time between events.
Excel F.DIST FunctionExcel F.DIST function returns the F probability distribution.
Excel F.DIST.RT FunctionExcel F.DIST.RT function returns the right-tailed F probability distribution.
Excel F.INV FunctionExcel F.INV function returns the inverse of the F probability distribution.
Excel F.INV.RT FunctionExcel F.INV.RT function returns the inverse of the right-tailed F probability distribution.
Excel F.TEST FunctionExcel F.TEST function returns the result of an F-test, which tells you if the variances of two data sets are significantly different.
Excel FISHER FunctionExcel FISHER function returns the Fisher transformation of a value.
Excel FISHERINV FunctionExcel FISHERINV function returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation.
Excel FORECAST FunctionExcel FORECAST function predicts a future value along a linear trend using your existing data. It has been replaced by FORECAST.LINEAR but still works.
Excel FORECAST.ETS FunctionExcel FORECAST.ETS function predicts a future value using exponential smoothing, which accounts for seasonal patterns in time-based data.
Excel FORECAST.ETS.CONFINT FunctionExcel FORECAST.ETS.CONFINT function returns the confidence interval for a value predicted with FORECAST.ETS.
Excel FORECAST.ETS.SEASONALITY FunctionExcel FORECAST.ETS.SEASONALITY function returns the length of the repeating seasonal pattern that Excel detects in your time series.
Excel FORECAST.ETS.STAT FunctionExcel FORECAST.ETS.STAT function returns a statistical value (such as the alpha, beta, or error metrics) from an exponential smoothing forecast.
Excel FORECAST.LINEAR FunctionExcel FORECAST.LINEAR function predicts a future value along a linear trend using your existing x and y values.
Excel FREQUENCY FunctionExcel FREQUENCY function counts how many values fall within each range (bin) you specify, and returns the counts as an array.
Excel GAMMA FunctionExcel GAMMA function returns the value of the gamma function for a given number.
Excel GAMMA.DIST FunctionExcel GAMMA.DIST function returns the gamma distribution.
Excel GAMMA.INV FunctionExcel GAMMA.INV function returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution.
Excel GAMMALN FunctionExcel GAMMALN function returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function.
Excel GAMMALN.PRECISE FunctionExcel GAMMALN.PRECISE function returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function. It gives the same result as GAMMALN.
Excel GAUSS FunctionExcel GAUSS function returns the probability that a value in a standard normal distribution falls between the mean and a given number of standard deviations from the mean.
Excel GEOMEAN FunctionExcel GEOMEAN function returns the geometric mean of a set of positive numbers, which is useful for average growth rates.
Excel GROWTH FunctionExcel GROWTH function predicts values along an exponential trend based on your existing data.
Excel HARMEAN FunctionExcel HARMEAN function returns the harmonic mean of a set of positive numbers, which is useful for averaging rates such as speeds.
Excel HYPGEOM.DIST FunctionExcel HYPGEOM.DIST function returns the hypergeometric distribution, which is the probability of a number of successes when sampling without replacement.
Excel INTERCEPT FunctionExcel INTERCEPT function returns the point where a linear regression line crosses the y-axis.
Excel KURT FunctionExcel KURT function returns the kurtosis of a data set, which shows how peaked or flat the distribution is compared to a normal distribution.
Excel LINEST FunctionExcel LINEST function returns the statistics for a straight line that best fits your data, such as the slope and intercept of the regression line.
Excel LOGEST FunctionExcel LOGEST function returns the statistics for an exponential curve that best fits your data.
Excel LOGNORM.DIST FunctionExcel LOGNORM.DIST function returns the lognormal distribution.
Excel LOGNORM.INV FunctionExcel LOGNORM.INV function returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution.
Excel MAXA FunctionExcel MAXA function returns the largest value in a list, and counts text as 0 and TRUE as 1 instead of ignoring them.
Excel MAXIFS FunctionExcel MAXIFS function returns the largest value in a range among the cells that meet one or more conditions.
Excel MEDIAN FunctionExcel MEDIAN function returns the middle value in a set of numbers.
Excel MINA FunctionExcel MINA function returns the smallest value in a list, and counts text as 0 and TRUE as 1 instead of ignoring them.
Excel MINIFS FunctionExcel MINIFS function returns the smallest value in a range among the cells that meet one or more conditions.
Excel MODE.MULT FunctionExcel MODE.MULT function returns all the most frequently occurring values in a data set as a vertical array.
Excel MODE.SNGL FunctionExcel MODE.SNGL function returns the most frequently occurring value in a data set. If more than one value ties, it returns the first one.
Excel NEGBINOM.DIST FunctionExcel NEGBINOM.DIST function returns the negative binomial distribution, which is the probability of a number of failures before a set number of successes.
Excel NORM.DIST FunctionExcel NORM.DIST function returns the normal distribution for a given mean and standard deviation, either as the probability density or the cumulative probability.
Excel NORM.INV FunctionExcel NORM.INV function returns the value for a given cumulative probability in a normal distribution with a specific mean and standard deviation.
Excel NORM.S.DIST FunctionExcel NORM.S.DIST function returns the standard normal distribution (mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1) for a given z-value.
Excel NORM.S.INV FunctionExcel NORM.S.INV function returns the z-value for a given probability in the standard normal distribution.
Excel PEARSON FunctionExcel PEARSON function returns the Pearson correlation coefficient between two data sets. It gives the same result as CORREL.
Excel PERCENTILE.EXC FunctionExcel PERCENTILE.EXC function returns the k-th percentile of a data set, where k is between 0 and 1 (exclusive).
Excel PERCENTILE.INC FunctionExcel PERCENTILE.INC function returns the k-th percentile of a data set, where k is between 0 and 1 (inclusive).
Excel PERCENTRANK.EXC FunctionExcel PERCENTRANK.EXC function returns the rank of a value in a data set as a percentage between 0 and 1 (exclusive).
Excel PERCENTRANK.INC FunctionExcel PERCENTRANK.INC function returns the rank of a value in a data set as a percentage between 0 and 1 (inclusive).
Excel PERMUT FunctionExcel PERMUT function returns the number of permutations for a given number of items, where the order matters.
Excel PERMUTATIONA FunctionExcel PERMUTATIONA function returns the number of permutations for a given number of items, with repetitions allowed.
Excel PHI FunctionExcel PHI function returns the value of the density function for a standard normal distribution.
Excel POISSON.DIST FunctionExcel POISSON.DIST function returns the Poisson distribution, which is used to predict the number of events in a fixed period of time.
Excel PROB FunctionExcel PROB function returns the probability that values in a range fall between two limits.
Excel QUARTILE.EXC FunctionExcel QUARTILE.EXC function returns the quartile of a data set, based on percentile values between 0 and 1 (exclusive).
Excel QUARTILE.INC FunctionExcel QUARTILE.INC function returns the quartile of a data set, based on percentile values between 0 and 1 (inclusive).
Excel RANK.AVG FunctionExcel RANK.AVG function returns the rank of a number in a list. When two or more values are the same, they get the average of their ranks.
Excel RANK.EQ FunctionExcel RANK.EQ function returns the rank of a number in a list. When two or more values are the same, they all get the same (top) rank.
Excel RSQ FunctionExcel RSQ function returns the R-squared value of a linear regression line, which shows how well the line fits your data.
Excel SKEW FunctionExcel SKEW function returns the skewness of a distribution based on a sample, which shows how lopsided the data is around its mean.
Excel SKEW.P FunctionExcel SKEW.P function returns the skewness of a distribution based on the entire population.
Excel SLOPE FunctionExcel SLOPE function returns the slope of the linear regression line through your x and y values.
Excel STANDARDIZE FunctionExcel STANDARDIZE function returns a normalized value (z-score) based on the mean and standard deviation you give it.
Excel STDEV.P FunctionExcel STDEV.P function returns the standard deviation based on the entire population.
Excel STDEV.S FunctionExcel STDEV.S function estimates the standard deviation based on a sample. It replaces the older STDEV function.
Excel STDEVA FunctionExcel STDEVA function estimates the standard deviation based on a sample, and counts text as 0 and TRUE as 1 instead of ignoring them.
Excel STDEVPA FunctionExcel STDEVPA function returns the standard deviation based on the entire population, and counts text as 0 and TRUE as 1 instead of ignoring them.
Excel STEYX FunctionExcel STEYX function returns the standard error of the predicted y-values in a linear regression.
Excel T.DIST FunctionExcel T.DIST function returns the left-tailed Student’s t-distribution.
Excel T.DIST.2T FunctionExcel T.DIST.2T function returns the two-tailed Student’s t-distribution.
Excel T.DIST.RT FunctionExcel T.DIST.RT function returns the right-tailed Student’s t-distribution.
Excel T.INV FunctionExcel T.INV function returns the left-tailed inverse of the Student’s t-distribution.
Excel T.INV.2T FunctionExcel T.INV.2T function returns the two-tailed inverse of the Student’s t-distribution.
Excel T.TEST FunctionExcel T.TEST function returns the probability from a Student’s t-test, which tells you if two samples are likely to come from populations with the same mean.
Excel TREND FunctionExcel TREND function returns values along a linear trend, which you can use to fill in or predict values.
Excel TRIMMEAN FunctionExcel TRIMMEAN function returns the average of a data set after excluding a percentage of the highest and lowest values.
Excel VAR.P FunctionExcel VAR.P function returns the variance based on the entire population.
Excel VAR.S FunctionExcel VAR.S function estimates the variance based on a sample.
Excel VARA FunctionExcel VARA function estimates the variance based on a sample, and counts text as 0 and TRUE as 1 instead of ignoring them.
Excel VARPA FunctionExcel VARPA function returns the variance based on the entire population, and counts text as 0 and TRUE as 1 instead of ignoring them.
Excel WEIBULL.DIST FunctionExcel WEIBULL.DIST function returns the Weibull distribution, which is often used in reliability and failure analysis.
Excel Z.TEST FunctionExcel Z.TEST function returns the one-tailed P-value of a z-test.

Excel Functions – Text

Excel FunctionDescription
Excel CONCATENATE Function

Excel CONCATENATE function can be used when you want to join 2 or more characters or strings. It can be used to join text, numbers, cell references, or a combination of these.

Excel FIND Function

Excel FIND function can be used when you want to locate a text string within another text string and find its position. It returns a number that represents the starting position of the string you are finding in another string. It is case-sensitive.

Excel LEFT FunctionExcel LEFT function can be used to extract text from left of the string. It returns the specified number of characters from the left of the string.
Excel LEN Function

Excel LEN function can be used when you want to get the total number of characters in a specified string. This is useful when you want to know the length of a string in a cell.

Excel LOWER Function

Excel LOWER function can be used when you want to convert all uppercase letters in a text string to lowercase. Numbers, special characters, and punctuation are not changed by the LOWER function.

Excel MID Function

Excel MID function can be used to extract a specified number of characters from a string. It returns the sub-string from a string.

Excel PROPER Function

Excel PROPER function can be used when you want to capitalize the first character of every word. Numbers, special characters, and punctuation are not changed by the PROPER function.

Excel REPLACE Function

Excel REPLACE function can be used when you want to replace a part of the text string with another string. It returns a text string where a part of the text has been replaced by the specified string.

Excel REPT Function

Excel REPT function can be used when you want to repeat a specified text a certain number of times.

Excel RIGHT FunctionExcel RIGHT function can be used to extract text from the right of the string. It returns the specified number of characters from the right of the string.
Excel SEARCH Function

Excel SEARCH function can be used when you want to locate a text string within another text string and find its position. It returns a number that represents the starting position of the string you are finding in another string. It is NOT case-sensitive.

Excel SUBSTITUTE Function

Excel SUBSTITUTE function can be used when you want to substitute text with new specified text in a string. It returns a text string where an old text has been substituted by the new one.

Excel TEXT Function

Excel TEXT function can be used when you want to convert a number to text format and display it in a specified format.

Excel TRIM FunctionExcel TRIM function can be used when you want to remove leading, trailing, and double spaces in Excel.
Excel UPPER Function Excel UPPER function can be used when you want to convert all lowercase letters in a text string to uppercase. Numbers, special characters, and punctuation are not changed by the UPPER function.
Excel REGEX FunctionsExcel has three new regex functions (REGEXEXTRACT, REGEXREPLACE, and REGEXTEST), which can be used to identify patterns and manipulate text strings.
Excel TRANSLATE FunctionExcel TRANSLATE function allows you to use Microsoft’s translation service within a formula to convert text from one language to another.
Excel ARRAYTOTEXT FunctionExcel ARRAYTOTEXT function returns the values in a range or array as a single text string.
Excel ASC FunctionExcel ASC function changes full-width (double-byte) characters to half-width (single-byte) characters. It matters mainly for East Asian languages.
Excel BAHTTEXT FunctionExcel BAHTTEXT function converts a number to Thai text and adds the suffix “Baht”.
Excel CHAR FunctionExcel CHAR function returns the character for a given code number, such as CHAR(10) for a line break.
Excel CLEAN FunctionExcel CLEAN function removes non-printable characters (such as line breaks) from text.
Excel CODE FunctionExcel CODE function returns the numeric code of the first character in a text string.
Excel CONCAT FunctionExcel CONCAT function joins text from multiple cells or ranges into one text string. It replaces the older CONCATENATE function.
Excel DBCS FunctionExcel DBCS function changes half-width (single-byte) characters to full-width (double-byte) characters. It matters mainly for East Asian languages.
Excel DETECTLANGUAGE FunctionExcel DETECTLANGUAGE function identifies the language of a text string and returns its language code, such as “en” for English.
Excel DOLLAR FunctionExcel DOLLAR function converts a number to text in currency format, rounded to the decimal places you specify.
Excel EXACT FunctionExcel EXACT function checks if two text values are exactly the same, including the case, and returns TRUE or FALSE.
Excel FINDB FunctionExcel FINDB function works like FIND but counts double-byte characters as 2. It only behaves differently when an East Asian language is set as the default.
Excel FIXED FunctionExcel FIXED function rounds a number to the decimal places you specify and returns it as text, with or without commas.
Excel JIS FunctionExcel JIS function changes half-width (single-byte) characters to full-width (double-byte) characters. It works the same as DBCS.
Excel LEFTB FunctionExcel LEFTB function works like LEFT but counts double-byte characters as 2. It only behaves differently when an East Asian language is set as the default.
Excel LENB FunctionExcel LENB function works like LEN but counts double-byte characters as 2. It only behaves differently when an East Asian language is set as the default.
Excel MIDB FunctionExcel MIDB function works like MID but counts double-byte characters as 2. It only behaves differently when an East Asian language is set as the default.
Excel NUMBERVALUE FunctionExcel NUMBERVALUE function converts text to a number, and lets you specify the decimal and group separators used in the text.
Excel PHONETIC FunctionExcel PHONETIC function extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters from a Japanese text string.
Excel REPLACEB FunctionExcel REPLACEB function works like REPLACE but counts double-byte characters as 2. It only behaves differently when an East Asian language is set as the default.
Excel RIGHTB FunctionExcel RIGHTB function works like RIGHT but counts double-byte characters as 2. It only behaves differently when an East Asian language is set as the default.
Excel SEARCHB FunctionExcel SEARCHB function works like SEARCH but counts double-byte characters as 2. It only behaves differently when an East Asian language is set as the default.
Excel T FunctionExcel T function returns the text if the value is text, and an empty string if it’s anything else.
Excel TEXTAFTER FunctionExcel TEXTAFTER function returns the text that comes after a given character or string, such as everything after the @ in an email address.
Excel TEXTBEFORE FunctionExcel TEXTBEFORE function returns the text that comes before a given character or string, such as the first name in a full name.
Excel TEXTJOIN FunctionExcel TEXTJOIN function combines text from multiple cells or ranges with a delimiter of your choice, and can skip empty cells.
Excel TEXTSPLIT FunctionExcel TEXTSPLIT function splits a text string into multiple cells using the column and row delimiters you specify.
Excel UNICHAR FunctionExcel UNICHAR function returns the character for a given Unicode number, which is useful for inserting symbols with a formula.
Excel UNICODE FunctionExcel UNICODE function returns the Unicode number of the first character in a text string.
Excel VALUE FunctionExcel VALUE function converts a number stored as text into an actual number.
Excel VALUETOTEXT FunctionExcel VALUETOTEXT function converts any value into text.

Excel Functions – Info

Excel FunctionDescription
Excel ISBLANK FunctionExcel ISBLANK function returns TRUE if the cell is empty, and FALSE if it contains anything (including a formula that returns an empty string).
Excel ISERROR FunctionExcel ISERROR function returns TRUE if the value is any error (#N/A, #VALUE!, #DIV/0!, and so on), and FALSE otherwise.
Excel ISNA FunctionExcel ISNA function returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error, and FALSE otherwise.
Excel ISNUMBER FunctionExcel ISNUMBER function returns TRUE if the value is a number, and FALSE otherwise. It’s often combined with SEARCH to check if a cell contains some text.
Excel ISEVEN FunctionExcel ISEVEN function returns TRUE if the number is even, and FALSE if it’s odd.
Excel ISODD FunctionExcel ISODD function returns TRUE if the number is odd, and FALSE if it’s even.
Excel ISLOGICAL FunctionExcel ISLOGICAL function returns TRUE if the value is a logical value (TRUE or FALSE), and FALSE otherwise.
Excel ISTEXT FunctionExcel ISTEXT function returns TRUE if the value is text, and FALSE otherwise.
Excel CELL FunctionExcel CELL function returns information about a cell, such as its address, format, contents, or the file name of the workbook.
Excel ERROR.TYPE FunctionExcel ERROR.TYPE function returns a number that tells you which error a cell has, such as 2 for #DIV/0! or 7 for #N/A.
Excel INFO FunctionExcel INFO function returns information about the current operating environment, such as the Excel version or the operating system.
Excel ISERR FunctionExcel ISERR function returns TRUE if the value is any error except #N/A, and FALSE otherwise.
Excel ISFORMULA FunctionExcel ISFORMULA function returns TRUE if the referenced cell contains a formula, and FALSE otherwise.
Excel ISNONTEXT FunctionExcel ISNONTEXT function returns TRUE if the value is not text (including blank cells), and FALSE if it is text.
Excel ISOMITTED FunctionExcel ISOMITTED function checks if an argument in a LAMBDA was left out, and returns TRUE or FALSE. It’s used to make LAMBDA arguments optional.
Excel ISREF FunctionExcel ISREF function returns TRUE if the value is a valid cell reference, and FALSE otherwise.
Excel N FunctionExcel N function converts a value to a number. Numbers stay numbers, dates become serial numbers, TRUE becomes 1, and text becomes 0.
Excel NA FunctionExcel NA function returns the #N/A error. It’s used to mark missing data, for example to keep empty points off a chart.
Excel SHEET FunctionExcel SHEET function returns the sheet number of a referenced sheet.
Excel SHEETS FunctionExcel SHEETS function returns the number of sheets in a reference, or in the whole workbook if you leave the argument empty.
Excel STOCKHISTORY FunctionExcel STOCKHISTORY function returns historical price data for a stock, fund, or currency pair over the date range you specify.
Excel TYPE FunctionExcel TYPE function returns a number that tells you the data type of a value (1 for number, 2 for text, 4 for logical, 16 for error, 64 for array).

Excel Functions – Financial

Excel FunctionDescription
Excel PMT Function Excel PMT function helps you calculate the payment you need to make for a loan when you know the total loan amount, interest rate, and the number of constant payments.
Excel NPV FunctionExcel NPV function allows you to calculate the Net Present Value of all the cash flows when you know the discount rate.
Excel IRR FunctionExcel IRR function allows you to calculate the Internal Rate of Return when you have the cash flow data.
Excel ACCRINT FunctionExcel ACCRINT function returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest.
Excel ACCRINTM FunctionExcel ACCRINTM function returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity.
Excel AMORDEGRC FunctionExcel AMORDEGRC function returns the depreciation for each accounting period using a depreciation coefficient. It’s used in the French accounting system.
Excel AMORLINC FunctionExcel AMORLINC function returns the depreciation for each accounting period. It’s used in the French accounting system.
Excel COUPDAYBS FunctionExcel COUPDAYBS function returns the number of days from the start of the coupon period to the settlement date.
Excel COUPDAYS FunctionExcel COUPDAYS function returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date.
Excel COUPDAYSNC FunctionExcel COUPDAYSNC function returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date.
Excel COUPNCD FunctionExcel COUPNCD function returns the next coupon date after the settlement date.
Excel COUPNUM FunctionExcel COUPNUM function returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and the maturity date.
Excel COUPPCD FunctionExcel COUPPCD function returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date.
Excel CUMIPMT FunctionExcel CUMIPMT function returns the total interest paid on a loan between two periods.
Excel CUMPRINC FunctionExcel CUMPRINC function returns the total principal paid on a loan between two periods.
Excel DB FunctionExcel DB function returns the depreciation of an asset for a given period using the fixed-declining balance method.
Excel DDB FunctionExcel DDB function returns the depreciation of an asset for a given period using the double-declining balance method (or another rate you specify).
Excel DISC FunctionExcel DISC function returns the discount rate for a security.
Excel DOLLARDE FunctionExcel DOLLARDE function converts a dollar price written as a fraction into a decimal number.
Excel DOLLARFR FunctionExcel DOLLARFR function converts a dollar price written as a decimal number into a fraction.
Excel DURATION FunctionExcel DURATION function returns the Macaulay duration of a security that pays periodic interest.
Excel EFFECT FunctionExcel EFFECT function returns the effective annual interest rate, based on the nominal rate and the number of compounding periods per year.
Excel FV FunctionExcel FV function returns the future value of an investment based on regular payments and a constant interest rate.
Excel FVSCHEDULE FunctionExcel FVSCHEDULE function returns the future value of an amount after applying a series of different interest rates.
Excel INTRATE FunctionExcel INTRATE function returns the interest rate for a fully invested security.
Excel IPMT FunctionExcel IPMT function returns the interest part of a loan payment for a given period.
Excel ISPMT FunctionExcel ISPMT function returns the interest paid during a specific period of a loan with even principal payments.
Excel MDURATION FunctionExcel MDURATION function returns the modified duration of a security with an assumed par value of $100.
Excel MIRR FunctionExcel MIRR function returns the modified internal rate of return, where you set separate rates for financing costs and reinvested cash.
Excel NOMINAL FunctionExcel NOMINAL function returns the nominal annual interest rate, based on the effective rate and the number of compounding periods per year.
Excel NPER FunctionExcel NPER function returns the number of periods needed to pay off a loan or reach an investment goal, based on regular payments and a constant rate.
Excel ODDFPRICE FunctionExcel ODDFPRICE function returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd (short or long) first period.
Excel ODDFYIELD FunctionExcel ODDFYIELD function returns the yield of a security with an odd (short or long) first period.
Excel ODDLPRICE FunctionExcel ODDLPRICE function returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd (short or long) last period.
Excel ODDLYIELD FunctionExcel ODDLYIELD function returns the yield of a security with an odd (short or long) last period.
Excel PDURATION FunctionExcel PDURATION function returns the number of periods an investment needs to reach a target value at a given interest rate.
Excel PPMT FunctionExcel PPMT function returns the principal part of a loan payment for a given period.
Excel PRICE FunctionExcel PRICE function returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest.
Excel PRICEDISC FunctionExcel PRICEDISC function returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security.
Excel PRICEMAT FunctionExcel PRICEMAT function returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity.
Excel PV FunctionExcel PV function returns the present value of an investment, which is the total amount that a series of future payments is worth today.
Excel RATE FunctionExcel RATE function returns the interest rate per period for a loan or investment with regular payments.
Excel RECEIVED FunctionExcel RECEIVED function returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security.
Excel RRI FunctionExcel RRI function returns the equivalent interest rate for the growth of an investment, which is the same as the compound annual growth rate (CAGR).
Excel SLN FunctionExcel SLN function returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period.
Excel SYD FunctionExcel SYD function returns the sum-of-years’ digits depreciation of an asset for a given period.
Excel TBILLEQ FunctionExcel TBILLEQ function returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill.
Excel TBILLPRICE FunctionExcel TBILLPRICE function returns the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill.
Excel TBILLYIELD FunctionExcel TBILLYIELD function returns the yield for a Treasury bill.
Excel VDB FunctionExcel VDB function returns the depreciation of an asset for any period (including partial periods) using a declining balance method.
Excel XIRR FunctionExcel XIRR function returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows that happen on irregular dates.
Excel XNPV FunctionExcel XNPV function returns the net present value of a series of cash flows that happen on irregular dates.
Excel YIELD FunctionExcel YIELD function returns the yield of a security (such as a bond) that pays periodic interest.
Excel YIELDDISC FunctionExcel YIELDDISC function returns the annual yield for a discounted security, such as a Treasury bill.
Excel YIELDMAT FunctionExcel YIELDMAT function returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity.

Excel Functions – Database

Excel FunctionDescription
Excel DAVERAGE FunctionExcel DAVERAGE function returns the average of the values in a column of a database for the records that match your criteria.
Excel DCOUNT FunctionExcel DCOUNT function counts the cells that contain numbers in a column of a database for the records that match your criteria.
Excel DCOUNTA FunctionExcel DCOUNTA function counts the non-empty cells in a column of a database for the records that match your criteria.
Excel DGET FunctionExcel DGET function returns a single value from a column of a database that matches the criteria you specify.
Excel DMAX FunctionExcel DMAX function returns the largest value in a column of a database for the records that match your criteria.
Excel DMIN FunctionExcel DMIN function returns the smallest value in a column of a database for the records that match your criteria.
Excel DPRODUCT FunctionExcel DPRODUCT function multiplies the values in a column of a database for the records that match your criteria.
Excel DSTDEV FunctionExcel DSTDEV function estimates the standard deviation based on a sample of the database records that match your criteria.
Excel DSTDEVP FunctionExcel DSTDEVP function returns the standard deviation based on the entire population of the database records that match your criteria.
Excel DSUM FunctionExcel DSUM function adds the values in a column of a database (table) for the records that match the criteria you specify.
Excel DVAR FunctionExcel DVAR function estimates the variance based on a sample of the database records that match your criteria.
Excel DVARP FunctionExcel DVARP function returns the variance based on the entire population of the database records that match your criteria.

Excel Functions – Engineering

Excel FunctionDescription
Excel BESSELI FunctionExcel BESSELI function returns the modified Bessel function In(x).
Excel BESSELJ FunctionExcel BESSELJ function returns the Bessel function Jn(x).
Excel BESSELK FunctionExcel BESSELK function returns the modified Bessel function Kn(x).
Excel BESSELY FunctionExcel BESSELY function returns the Bessel function Yn(x), also called the Weber or Neumann function.
Excel BIN2DEC FunctionExcel BIN2DEC function converts a binary number to decimal.
Excel BIN2HEX FunctionExcel BIN2HEX function converts a binary number to hexadecimal.
Excel BIN2OCT FunctionExcel BIN2OCT function converts a binary number to octal.
Excel BITAND FunctionExcel BITAND function returns a bitwise AND of two numbers.
Excel BITLSHIFT FunctionExcel BITLSHIFT function returns a number shifted left by the number of bits you specify.
Excel BITOR FunctionExcel BITOR function returns a bitwise OR of two numbers.
Excel BITRSHIFT FunctionExcel BITRSHIFT function returns a number shifted right by the number of bits you specify.
Excel BITXOR FunctionExcel BITXOR function returns a bitwise exclusive OR (XOR) of two numbers.
Excel COMPLEX FunctionExcel COMPLEX function converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number, such as 3+4i.
Excel CONVERT FunctionExcel CONVERT function converts a number from one unit of measurement to another, such as miles to kilometers or Fahrenheit to Celsius.
Excel DEC2BIN FunctionExcel DEC2BIN function converts a decimal number to binary.
Excel DEC2HEX FunctionExcel DEC2HEX function converts a decimal number to hexadecimal.
Excel DEC2OCT FunctionExcel DEC2OCT function converts a decimal number to octal.
Excel DELTA FunctionExcel DELTA function checks if two numbers are equal, and returns 1 if they are and 0 if they’re not.
Excel ERF FunctionExcel ERF function returns the error function integrated between the limits you specify.
Excel ERF.PRECISE FunctionExcel ERF.PRECISE function returns the error function integrated between 0 and the given limit. It gives the same result as ERF with one argument.
Excel ERFC FunctionExcel ERFC function returns the complementary error function integrated between a given limit and infinity.
Excel ERFC.PRECISE FunctionExcel ERFC.PRECISE function returns the complementary error function integrated between a given limit and infinity. It gives the same result as ERFC.
Excel GESTEP FunctionExcel GESTEP function returns 1 if a number is greater than or equal to a threshold value, and 0 otherwise.
Excel HEX2BIN FunctionExcel HEX2BIN function converts a hexadecimal number to binary.
Excel HEX2DEC FunctionExcel HEX2DEC function converts a hexadecimal number to decimal.
Excel HEX2OCT FunctionExcel HEX2OCT function converts a hexadecimal number to octal.
Excel IMABS FunctionExcel IMABS function returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number.
Excel IMAGINARY FunctionExcel IMAGINARY function returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number.
Excel IMARGUMENT FunctionExcel IMARGUMENT function returns the argument (theta) of a complex number, as an angle in radians.
Excel IMCONJUGATE FunctionExcel IMCONJUGATE function returns the complex conjugate of a complex number.
Excel IMCOS FunctionExcel IMCOS function returns the cosine of a complex number.
Excel IMCOSH FunctionExcel IMCOSH function returns the hyperbolic cosine of a complex number.
Excel IMCOT FunctionExcel IMCOT function returns the cotangent of a complex number.
Excel IMCSC FunctionExcel IMCSC function returns the cosecant of a complex number.
Excel IMCSCH FunctionExcel IMCSCH function returns the hyperbolic cosecant of a complex number.
Excel IMDIV FunctionExcel IMDIV function returns the quotient of two complex numbers.
Excel IMEXP FunctionExcel IMEXP function returns the exponential of a complex number.
Excel IMLN FunctionExcel IMLN function returns the natural logarithm of a complex number.
Excel IMLOG10 FunctionExcel IMLOG10 function returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number.
Excel IMLOG2 FunctionExcel IMLOG2 function returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number.
Excel IMPOWER FunctionExcel IMPOWER function returns a complex number raised to a power.
Excel IMPRODUCT FunctionExcel IMPRODUCT function returns the product of two or more complex numbers.
Excel IMREAL FunctionExcel IMREAL function returns the real coefficient of a complex number.
Excel IMSEC FunctionExcel IMSEC function returns the secant of a complex number.
Excel IMSECH FunctionExcel IMSECH function returns the hyperbolic secant of a complex number.
Excel IMSIN FunctionExcel IMSIN function returns the sine of a complex number.
Excel IMSINH FunctionExcel IMSINH function returns the hyperbolic sine of a complex number.
Excel IMSQRT FunctionExcel IMSQRT function returns the square root of a complex number.
Excel IMSUB FunctionExcel IMSUB function returns the difference between two complex numbers.
Excel IMSUM FunctionExcel IMSUM function returns the sum of two or more complex numbers.
Excel IMTAN FunctionExcel IMTAN function returns the tangent of a complex number.
Excel OCT2BIN FunctionExcel OCT2BIN function converts an octal number to binary.
Excel OCT2DEC FunctionExcel OCT2DEC function converts an octal number to decimal.
Excel OCT2HEX FunctionExcel OCT2HEX function converts an octal number to hexadecimal.

Excel Functions – Web

Excel FunctionDescription
Excel ENCODEURL FunctionExcel ENCODEURL function converts text into a URL-encoded string, so it can be safely used in a web address.
Excel FILTERXML FunctionExcel FILTERXML function returns specific data from XML content using an XPath expression. It’s available in Excel for Windows only.
Excel WEBSERVICE FunctionExcel WEBSERVICE function returns data from a web service or URL. It’s available in Excel for Windows only.

Excel Functions – Cube

Excel FunctionDescription
Excel CUBEKPIMEMBER FunctionExcel CUBEKPIMEMBER function returns a key performance indicator (KPI) property from an OLAP cube and shows the KPI name in the cell.
Excel CUBEMEMBER FunctionExcel CUBEMEMBER function returns a member or tuple from an OLAP cube or the Data Model, and confirms that it exists.
Excel CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY FunctionExcel CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY function returns the value of a member property from an OLAP cube.
Excel CUBERANKEDMEMBER FunctionExcel CUBERANKEDMEMBER function returns the nth member in a set, such as the top salesperson or the third best-selling product.
Excel CUBESET FunctionExcel CUBESET function defines a set of members or tuples by sending a set expression to the cube, which you can then use with other cube functions.
Excel CUBESETCOUNT FunctionExcel CUBESETCOUNT function returns the number of items in a set created with CUBESET.
Excel CUBEVALUE FunctionExcel CUBEVALUE function returns an aggregated value (such as total sales) from an OLAP cube or the Data Model.

Excel Functions – Compatibility

Excel FunctionDescription
Excel CEILING FunctionExcel CEILING function rounds a number up to the nearest multiple you specify. It’s kept for compatibility, and CEILING.MATH is the newer version.
Excel FLOOR FunctionExcel FLOOR function rounds a number down to the nearest multiple you specify. It’s kept for compatibility, and FLOOR.MATH is the newer version.
Excel MODE FunctionExcel MODE function returns the most frequently occurring value in a data set. It’s kept for compatibility and works the same as MODE.SNGL.
Excel PERCENTILE FunctionExcel PERCENTILE function returns the k-th percentile of a data set. It’s kept for compatibility and works the same as PERCENTILE.INC.
Excel PERCENTRANK FunctionExcel PERCENTRANK function returns the rank of a value in a data set as a percentage. It’s kept for compatibility and works the same as PERCENTRANK.INC.
Excel QUARTILE FunctionExcel QUARTILE function returns the quartile of a data set. It’s kept for compatibility and works the same as QUARTILE.INC.
Excel STDEV FunctionExcel STDEV function estimates the standard deviation based on a sample. It’s kept for compatibility, and STDEV.S is the newer version.
Excel BETADIST FunctionExcel BETADIST function returns the beta cumulative distribution function. It’s kept for compatibility, and BETA.DIST is the newer version.
Excel BETAINV FunctionExcel BETAINV function returns the inverse of the beta cumulative distribution. It’s kept for compatibility, and BETA.INV is the newer version.
Excel BINOMDIST FunctionExcel BINOMDIST function returns the binomial distribution probability. It’s kept for compatibility, and BINOM.DIST is the newer version.
Excel CHIDIST FunctionExcel CHIDIST function returns the right-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution. It’s kept for compatibility, and CHISQ.DIST.RT is the newer version.
Excel CHIINV FunctionExcel CHIINV function returns the inverse of the right-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution. It’s kept for compatibility, and CHISQ.INV.RT is the newer version.
Excel CHITEST FunctionExcel CHITEST function returns the result of a chi-squared test for independence. It’s kept for compatibility, and CHISQ.TEST is the newer version.
Excel CONFIDENCE FunctionExcel CONFIDENCE function returns the confidence interval for a population mean, using a normal distribution. It’s kept for compatibility, and CONFIDENCE.NORM is the newer version.
Excel COVAR FunctionExcel COVAR function returns the population covariance of two data sets. It’s kept for compatibility, and COVARIANCE.P is the newer version.
Excel CRITBINOM FunctionExcel CRITBINOM function returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is greater than or equal to a criterion value. It’s kept for compatibility, and BINOM.INV is the newer version.
Excel EXPONDIST FunctionExcel EXPONDIST function returns the exponential distribution. It’s kept for compatibility, and EXPON.DIST is the newer version.
Excel FDIST FunctionExcel FDIST function returns the right-tailed F probability distribution. It’s kept for compatibility, and F.DIST.RT is the newer version.
Excel FINV FunctionExcel FINV function returns the inverse of the right-tailed F probability distribution. It’s kept for compatibility, and F.INV.RT is the newer version.
Excel FTEST FunctionExcel FTEST function returns the result of an F-test. It’s kept for compatibility, and F.TEST is the newer version.
Excel GAMMADIST FunctionExcel GAMMADIST function returns the gamma distribution. It’s kept for compatibility, and GAMMA.DIST is the newer version.
Excel GAMMAINV FunctionExcel GAMMAINV function returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution. It’s kept for compatibility, and GAMMA.INV is the newer version.
Excel HYPGEOMDIST FunctionExcel HYPGEOMDIST function returns the hypergeometric distribution. It’s kept for compatibility, and HYPGEOM.DIST is the newer version.
Excel LOGINV FunctionExcel LOGINV function returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution. It’s kept for compatibility, and LOGNORM.INV is the newer version.
Excel LOGNORMDIST FunctionExcel LOGNORMDIST function returns the cumulative lognormal distribution. It’s kept for compatibility, and LOGNORM.DIST is the newer version.
Excel NEGBINOMDIST FunctionExcel NEGBINOMDIST function returns the negative binomial distribution. It’s kept for compatibility, and NEGBINOM.DIST is the newer version.
Excel NORMDIST FunctionExcel NORMDIST function returns the normal distribution for a given mean and standard deviation. It’s kept for compatibility, and NORM.DIST is the newer version.
Excel NORMINV FunctionExcel NORMINV function returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution. It’s kept for compatibility, and NORM.INV is the newer version.
Excel NORMSDIST FunctionExcel NORMSDIST function returns the standard normal cumulative distribution. It’s kept for compatibility, and NORM.S.DIST is the newer version.
Excel NORMSINV FunctionExcel NORMSINV function returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution. It’s kept for compatibility, and NORM.S.INV is the newer version.
Excel POISSON FunctionExcel POISSON function returns the Poisson distribution. It’s kept for compatibility, and POISSON.DIST is the newer version.
Excel STDEVP FunctionExcel STDEVP function returns the standard deviation based on the entire population. It’s kept for compatibility, and STDEV.P is the newer version.
Excel TDIST FunctionExcel TDIST function returns the Student’s t-distribution. It’s kept for compatibility, and T.DIST.2T and T.DIST.RT are the newer versions.
Excel TINV FunctionExcel TINV function returns the two-tailed inverse of the Student’s t-distribution. It’s kept for compatibility, and T.INV.2T is the newer version.
Excel TTEST FunctionExcel TTEST function returns the probability from a Student’s t-test. It’s kept for compatibility, and T.TEST is the newer version.
Excel VAR FunctionExcel VAR function estimates the variance based on a sample. It’s kept for compatibility, and VAR.S is the newer version.
Excel VARP FunctionExcel VARP function returns the variance based on the entire population. It’s kept for compatibility, and VAR.P is the newer version.
Excel WEIBULL FunctionExcel WEIBULL function returns the Weibull distribution. It’s kept for compatibility, and WEIBULL.DIST is the newer version.
Excel ZTEST FunctionExcel ZTEST function returns the one-tailed P-value of a z-test. It’s kept for compatibility, and Z.TEST is the newer version.

VBA Functions

VBA FunctionDescription
VBA TRIM Function

VBA TRIM function allows you to remove the leading and trailing spaces from a text string in Excel. It can be a useful VBA function if you want to quickly clean the data.

VBA SPLIT Function

VBA SPLIT function allows you to split a text string based on the delimiter. For example, if you want to split text based on a comma or tab or colon, you can do that with the SPLIT function.

VBA MsgBox Function

VBA MsgBox is a function that displays a dialog box that you can use to inform your users by showing a custom message or get some basic inputs (such as Yes/No or OK/Cancel).

VBA INSTR Function

VBA InStr function finds the position of a specified substring within the string and returns the first position of its occurrence.

VBA UCase Function

Excel VBA UCASE function takes a string as the input and converts all the lower case characters into upper case.

VBA LCase Function

Excel VBA LCASE function takes a string as the input and converts all the upper case characters into lower case.

VBA DIR Function

Use the VBA DIR function when you want to get the name of a file or folder using its path.

Useful Excel Resources:

Sumit Bansal

Sumit Bansal

13x Microsoft Excel MVP

Hey! I'm Sumit Bansal, founder of trumpexcel.com and a Microsoft Excel MVP. I started this site in 2013 because I genuinely love Microsoft Excel (yes, really!) and wanted to share that passion through easy Excel tutorials, tips, and Excel training videos. My goal is straightforward: help you master Excel skills so you can work smarter, boost productivity, and maybe even enjoy spreadsheets along the way!

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